fa استفاده از روش اپتوژنتیک برای تشخیص و درمان بیماری عمومى General پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:red">اهداف:</span></span></b> <span lang="FA">اپتوژنتیک، روشی نوین در تحقیقات بیولوژی و پزشکی است و با ورود به صحنه علم، فصل جدیدی از اکتشافات علمی را آغاز نمود. این روش امکان کنترل دقیق فعالیت سلول‌های بیولوژیکی را با استفاده از فوتون‌هایی با فرکانس‌های متفاوت را فراهم می‌کند. با انتقال ژن‌های پروتئین‌های حساس به نور به سلول‌های هدف و استفاده از امواج نوری با طول موج مشخص می</span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA">&lrm;</span><span lang="FA">توان بیان پروتئین</span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA">&lrm;</span><span lang="FA">ها را تحت کنترل قرار داد، که این امر می‌تواند در احیای بینایی در بیمارانی با آسیب شبکیه، حتی در مراحل پیشرفته بیماری، مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. علاوه</span><span dir="LTR">&lrm;</span><span lang="FA">براین از این روش می</span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA">&lrm;</span><span lang="FA">توان برای تنظیم فعالیت سلول‌های عصبی استفاده نمود که می</span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA">&lrm;</span><span lang="FA">تواند در درمان بیماری‌های نورودژنراتیو و کنترل ارتباطات استروسیت‌ها و نورون‌ها موثر باشد.</span></span></span><br> <span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:red">نتیجه&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:red">&lrm;گ</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:red">یری:</span></span></b> <span lang="FA">اپتوژنتیک به</span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA">&lrm;</span><span lang="FA">عنوان یک ابزار نوین در علوم پزشکی، امکانات گسترده‌ای برای درمان و تشخیص بیماری‌ها ارائه می‌دهد</span><span dir="LTR">.</span><span lang="FA"> این فناوری به دانشمندان و پزشکان اجازه می‌دهد تا با دقت بیشتری عملکرد سلول‌های خاصی را مطالعه و کنترل کنند، که می‌تواند به بهبود درمان بیماری‌های پیچیده و مزمن کمک کند. هرچند هنوز تحقیقات بیشتری برای بهینه‌سازی و استفاده بالینی گسترده از این فناوری لازم است، اما نتایج اولیه بسیار امیدوارکننده است و نشان‌دهنده پتانسیل عظیم اپتوژنتیک در بهبود سلامت و درمان بیماری‌ها است</span><span dir="LTR">.</span><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:IRLotus"></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA">این مقالۀ مروری ضمن معرفی مفاهیم اولیۀ اپتوژنیک، به بررسی دقیق روش</span><span dir="LTR">&lrm;</span><span lang="FA">ها اجرای ان و در</span><span dir="LTR">&lrm;</span><span lang="FA">نهایت کاربرد</span><span dir="LTR">&lrm;</span><span lang="FA">های بالینی آن می</span><span dir="LTR">&lrm;</span><span lang="FA">پردازد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><i><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:red">Introduction:</span></span></i></b> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Optogenetic</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">introduced</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">in</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2005,</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">revolutionized</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">biological</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">research</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">by</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">enabling</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">precise</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">control</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">of</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">cellular</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">activity</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">through</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">light-sensitive</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">proteins.</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">This</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">technique</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">essential</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">in</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">both</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">fundamental</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">and</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">medical</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">research,</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">allows</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">researchers</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">to</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">manipulate</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">biological</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">processes</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">within</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">cells</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">with</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">high</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">accuracy.</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Optogenetics</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">is</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">a</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">cutting-edge</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">technique</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">that</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">uses</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">specific</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">wavelengths</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">of</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">light</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">to</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">control</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">cellular</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">activity</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">by</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">stimulating</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">the</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">expression</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">of</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">desired</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">proteins</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">in</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">target</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">cells.</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">This</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">method</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">has</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">significant</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">applications,</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">such</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">as</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">restoring</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">vision</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">in</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">patients</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">with</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">retinal</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">damage,</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">even</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">in</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">advanced</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">stages</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">of</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">the</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">disease,</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">by</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">transferring</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">genes</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">to</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">remaining</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">retinal</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">cells</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">and</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">inducing</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">protein</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">expression</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">with</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">light.</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Optogenetics</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">also</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">plays</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">a</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">crucial</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">role</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">in</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">treating</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">neurodegenerative</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">diseases</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">by</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">regulating</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">astrocyte</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">and</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">neuronal</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">interactions.</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Additionally,</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">this</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">technology</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">offers</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">potential</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">therapeutic</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">approaches</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">for</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">various</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">psychiatric</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">disorders</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">and</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">advancements</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">in</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">cardiac</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">research.</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Overall,</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">optogenetics</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">provides</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">precise</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">control</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">over</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">cellular</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">processes,</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">paving</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">the</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">way</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">for</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">innovative</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">treatments</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">and</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">research</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">in</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">multiple</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">biomedical</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">fields.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><i><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:red">Method:</span></span></i></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The keywords was searched in PubMed and google scholar databases whit a time limit from year 2010 to 2023 and reviewed to find out the applications of optogenetics.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><i><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:red">Result:</span></span></i></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Optogenetics, using light-sensitive proteins to control cellular activity, revolutionizes biomedical research by restoring vision in retinal damage, advancing neuroscience, and aiding Alzheimer research. It is pivotal in cardiac research, enhances neurogenesis and functional recovery in neural stem cells, improves skeletal muscle function, and contributes to cancer research. This versatile technique enables precise manipulation of cellular processes, advancing understanding and treatment of complex diseases.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><i><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:red">Conclusion:</span></span></i></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Optogenetics is transforming biomedical research by allowing precise manipulation of cellular activities. It has major implications for treating neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac arrhythmias, cancer, and metabolic disorders. This method holds potential for investigating synaptic circuits, advancing stem cell research, and creating new treatments for conditions like blindness, deafness, and urinary tract dysfunctions.</span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; اپتوژنتیک, پروتئین‎های حساس به نور, نورون‎ها, استروسیت‎ها,سلول‎های گیرنده ‎نوری optogenetics, light-sensitive proteins, photoreceptor cells, applications of optogenetic 70 78 http://icml.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-221-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 mona esmaeili منا اسماعیلی 1050031947532846004941 1050031947532846004941 No گروه زیست‎شناسی سلولی و مولکولی، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه کاشان، ایران hosseinali rafieepour حسینعلی رفیعی پور rafieepour@gmail.com 1050031947532846004942 1050031947532846004942 Yes گروه زیست‎شناسی سلولی و مولکولی‎، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه کاشان، ایران Hoda Keshmiri neghab هدی کشمیری نقاب hodakeshmiri@ut.ac.ir 1050031947532846004943 1050031947532846004943 No گروه پژوهشــی لیزر پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات لیزر در پزشکی، پژوهشکدۀ یارا، سازمان جهاد دانشگاهی علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران mohammad hasan Soheilifar محمدحسن سهیلی فر 1050031947532846004944 1050031947532846004944 No گروه پژوهشــی لیزرپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات لیزر در پزشکی، پژوهشکدۀ یارا، سازمان جهاد دانشگاهی علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران